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Antigone

Sophocles · tragedy, c. 441 BCE (Finnish translation by Kaarlo Koskimies, 1910)·2 hrs in the original·original at gutenberg.org
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  • Divine law versus royal decree: Antigone openly defies Creon's ban on burying Polyneices, arguing that the gods' eternal, unwritten obligations to the dead supersede any mortal ruler's command.
  • Creon's fatal rigidity: Creon refuses every warning — from his son Haemon, from the chorus, and finally from the blind prophet Teiresias — insisting that yielding to a woman or to public opinion would destroy his authority.
  • Antigone's death and its consequences: Sealed alive in a rock tomb, Antigone hangs herself; Haemon, finding her dead, kills himself beside her, and Eurydice takes her own life on learning of her son's fate.
  • Creon's recognition, too late: Only after Teiresias prophesies ruin does Creon rush to free Antigone and bury Polyneices, but he arrives too late, and the play ends with him broken, holding his son's body and acknowledging that his own hubris destroyed his family.
  • The play's moral verdict: The chorus concludes that reverence for the gods and a disciplined mind are the only foundations of happiness, and that proud speech brings punishment — a judgment the action has fully demonstrated at Creon's expense.
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Why it earns a slot

Antigone is the foundational Western drama of conscience against state power, and this 1910 Finnish verse translation by Kaarlo Koskimies — the third edition, revised with scholarly care — made Sophocles' argument about divine versus human law directly accessible to Finnish readers for the first time in their own literary language.

After the brothers Eteocles and Polyneices kill each other fighting over Thebes, the new ruler Creon decrees that Polyneices shall lie unburied as a traitor. Antigone defies the decree, insisting that the gods' unwritten laws of kinship and burial outrank any king's edict, and is condemned to be entombed alive. Her death triggers a chain of suicides — her betrothed Haemon and Creon's wife Eurydice — leaving Creon alone to suffer the consequences of his tyrannical pride.

This distillation is written from the freely available original, which is always the better read when you have the time: gutenberg.org.

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